Dupla .

Reverse osmosis systems create an optimal starting water for marine and freshwater aquariums. Often, many water problems can only be solved by using reverse osmosis water. Reverse osmosis systems work on the principle of physical filtration. Unlike ion exchangers, for example, which exchange hardness-forming ions (e.g. calcium) for other, non-hardness-forming ions (e.g. sodium), a reverse osmosis system physically removes pollutants (e.g. silicate, nitrate) and hardness-formers from the water. In the reverse osmosis system, the water flows through a semi-permeable membrane at the pressure of 2 - max. 6 bar found in standard household water pipes. The substances dissolved in the water (pollutants, salts or hard substances) cannot pass through the small grid structure of the membrane and remain in the residual water. This residual water is discharged as a concentrate and can be used without hesitation as cleaning, irrigation or utility water. Dupla reverse osmosis systems have a maximum retention rate of 95 - 98 % of all pollutants in tap water.